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Abstract
The disciplinary regime established by the Civil Service Law provides a broad margin for determining the duration of suspension sanctions, posing challenges to the application of the principles of proportionality, reasonableness, and legal certainty. This article analyzes the problems associated with determining the quantum of suspension sanctions and assesses the feasibility of incorporating an objective mechanism for their graduation. To this end, a doctrinal legal methodology is employed, based on the systematic analysis of doctrinal, regulatory, and jurisprudential sources related to sanction determination in public law, with particular emphasis on the system of thirds in criminal law and its reception in administrative sanctioning law. The analysis of the current regulatory framework and cases decided by the Civil Service Tribunal reveals difficulties in the proportional application of suspension sanctions and risks arising from the broad scope of administrative discretion. Based on these findings, the article proposes the legislative incorporation of a system of thirds adapted to the disciplinary regime of the Civil Service Law, through the classification of graduation criteria into aggravating and mitigating circumstances and the division of the statutory suspension range into three levels. It concludes that this mechanism could help reduce discretion in sanction scaling and strengthen proportionality, reasonableness, predictability, and legal certainty in administrative disciplinary proceedings.
