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Abstract
This paper presents a conference presentation that examines the challenges facing public management in Latin America in the twenty-first century, arguing that traditional models based on the concepts of the "pure politician" and the "pure technocrat" are no longer sufficient. It begins by describing the characteristics of the contemporary State, founded on the principles of the social, democratic, constitutional, and justice-based State, and oriented toward sustainable well-being, citizen participation, the protection of emerging rights, and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The paper then analyzes the historical tensions between politics and public administration, the shortcomings in the definition of institutional roles, corruption associated with the spoils system, and the limited consolidation of a genuine Weberian bureaucracy in Latin America. It also critiques technocracy for dehumanizing public management by focusing exclusively on technical indicators while neglecting the fundamental purpose of the State: improving citizens' well-being. Finally, the paper advocates a transition toward the profile of the technopolitician, or manager-politician, who combines technical expertise with political leadership, promoting the professionalization of the public service, merit-based systems linked to performance, transparency, and public accountability. This approach draws on Neo-Weberian and Neo-Institutionalist perspectives to adapt administrative reforms to local contexts.
